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7 News-WHDH reporter Dan Hausle is a happily married man who shares his home with a woman named Laura.
Dan Hausle is a Boston-based journalist working for WHDH TV.
He is a reporter and backup presenter for 7NEWS. He is New England’s most-travelled reporter.
Dan has traveled all over the country and world including Cuba due to the huge amount of coverage of various stories.
Some of the stories include the deadlock in the Flora presential election, the Elian Gonzalez saga, the crash of JFK Junior and many more.
Fast Facts:
Surname
Dan Hausle
birthday
27th of March
Age
40-50
gender
Masculine
Height
Approximately 5 feet 9 inches
nationality
American
profession
journalist
net worth
Under review
Married single
Married
Wife
laura
children
2
education
Buffalo State College
@dhausleon7
Who Is Dan Hausle Wife?
Journalist Dan Hausle is happily married to his wife Laura.
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At this time, Dan has not revealed any information about the date or location of the wedding.
The reporter is very secretive about his family.
However, according to his verified Twitter account, he appears to have two children and a 97-year-old mother in his family.
Facts To Know About Dan Hausle
New England reporter Dan Hausle’s age appears to be in his 40s to 50s. According to his verified Twitter account, he appears to be celebrating his birthday on March 27th. Dan has yet to release any official information regarding his net worth or salary to the public. However, his main source of income appears to be his work as a reporter at 7 News-WHDH. Dan is not officially mentioned on Wikipedia. He has a brief description of his educational qualifications and professional experience on his Linkedin account. Häusle appears to be about the same height as the average American male. According to Health Line, the average height of an American is 5 feet 9 inches. Similarly, Dan completed his bachelor’s degree in broadcast journalism at Buffalo State College in New York. Hausle is a highly experienced journalist with over 20 years of experience in the field. Before joining 7 News, he worked at WDIV-TV in Detroit.
Dan Hausle (WHDH-TV) Web Bio
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7 News-WHDH reporter Dan Hausle is a happily married man who shares his household with a wife named Laura. Dan Hausle is a Boston-based journalist who.
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Who Is Journalist Dan Hausle? Everything On His Wife Age And …
7 News-WHDH reporter Dan Hausle is a fortunately married man who shares his family with a spouse named Laura. Dan Hausle is a Boston-based journalist who …
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Dan Hausle Bio, Age, Wiki, Family, Wife, Children, 7 News …
Dan Hausle is a reporter and substitutes anchor for 7NEWS. He joined the station in 1993 and is New England’s most traveled TV reporter.
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Lê Quốc Minh – Wikipedia
Lê Quốc Minh (born December 1, 1969) is a Vietnamese reporter, journalist, and politician. … Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Editor-in-Chief of Nhân Dân.
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Dan Hausle Biography, Wiki, Age, Height, Family, Wife, Children, Education, 7 News, Salary and Net Worth
Dan Hausle Biography and Wiki
Dan Hausle is an American journalist who was born and raised in the United States. He works as a reporter and replaces the moderator for 7NEWS. He joined the network in 1993 and is New England’s most-travelled television reporter.
Short Biography Full Name Dan Hausle Popular as Dan Gender Male Occupation Journalist Nationality American Race/Ethnicity White Religion Unknown Sexual Orientation Hetero
Dan Hausle Alter
Dan Hausle’s age, date of birth and birthday are not publicly available. We will update this section as soon as this information becomes available.
Age and birthday information Age unknown Zodiac sign unknown Date of birth unknown Place of birth unknown Birthday unknown
Dan Häusle height
Dan is of average height. It appears to be quite large judging by its photos compared to its surroundings. However, details of his actual height and other body measurements are not publicly available at this time. We will update this section as information becomes available.
Height and Weight Information Height Average Height Weight Not known
Body measurements Eye color Dark brown Hair color Black Shoe size Unknown Biceps size Unknown Chest measurement Unknown Waist measurement Unknown Chest measurement Unknown
Dan Hausle education
Dan graduated from Buffalo State College in New York with a bachelor’s degree in broadcast journalism. State University College at Buffalo, also known as Buffalo State College, Buffalo State, or simply Buff State, is a public college in Buffalo, New York, United States that is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. Buffalo State College was founded in 1871 as the Buffalo Normal School to train teachers.
It is located on a 125-acre campus between Elmwood Avenue and Grant Street (Elmwood Village area) in the northwest of the city and offers a wide range of academic programs including 79 undergraduate majors with 11 honors options, 11 post-baccalaureate certification programs for teachers, and 64 graduate program.
Educational Information School(s) N/A College/University Buffalo State College in New York Highest Qualification Bachelor’s degree in Broadcast Journalism
Dan Hausle family
Dan was born and raised by his parents in the United States. Our efforts to find out more about her family have been unsuccessful as such information is not publicly available. Thus, the identity of his father and mother is still unclear. It is also not known if he has sisters or brothers. We will update this section as soon as this information becomes available.
Family profile update father (father) update mother update brother(s) update sister(s).
Dan Hausle’s photo
Dan Hausle wife and children
Dan is a married man living in Newton. Information on his wife’s name, age and year of marriage is still under investigation. We will update them as information becomes available. Hausler and his wife have two sons.
Marital status Name Marital status Married Wife not known Children not known
Dan Häusle salary
Dan earns an average annual salary of between $24,292 and $72,507. This equates to an average hourly wage of between $10.15 and $31.32. This corresponds to our average salary estimate for a journalist in the United States. However, these numbers can vary significantly depending on the employee’s seniority. We don’t have an exact salary at the moment, but we will update this section as soon as the information becomes available.
Dan Hausle Net Worth
Dan’s net worth is estimated to be between $1 million and $5 million. This includes his assets, his money and his income. His main source of income is his career as a television personality. He has been able to amass a good fortune from his various sources of income, but prefers to lead a modest lifestyle.
Name Amount Salary Under Review Net Worth $1M and $5M Source of Income Journalist
Dan Häusle’s career
Dan has shared a tremendous variety of stories that have taken him across the country and around the world, including Cuba. Some of these stories include the Florida presidential election deadlock, the Elian Gonzalez saga, the crash of JFK Jr., the tragedy of Columbine, and the Concorde crash in Paris. Dan also reported live from Los Angeles for months, covering the O.J. Simpson trials, both criminal and civil. In fact, he was the only New England reporter to provide such coverage and was allowed to spend time in the courtrooms covering the trials. He also provided continuous live coverage of two important stories from England; the death of Diana, Princess of Wales and the response to the murder trial and appeal of au pair Louise Woodward.
Dan has over 20 years of broadcast news experience. Before joining 7NEWS, he worked at Detroit’s WDIV-TV (NBC) as both a reporter and bureau chief. Before that he worked at 7NEWS sister station WSVN-TV in Miami, Florida. At WSVN, Dan was a news reporter and a reporter for the Inside Report program. Prior to WSVN, he spent three years as a reporter and presenter in Buffalo, New York at WKBW-TV (ABC). He began his television career at KOCO-TV (ABC) Oklahoma City, where he worked as a reporter and host for two years.
Dan Hausle channel 7
He joined the network in 1993 and is New England’s most-travelled television reporter. Channel 7 WABC-TV, Virtual and Digital FM Channel 7, is the flagship television station of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), licensed for New York, New York, USA. The station is owned by Walt Disney Company subsidiary ABC Owned Television Stations. WABC-TV’s studios are located in Lincoln Square on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, adjacent to ABC’s corporate headquarters; its transmitter is on the Empire State Building.
WABC-TV is best known in broadcast circles for its version of the Eyewitness News format and for its morning show, which is nationally syndicated by Disney-ABC Domestic Television, a cousin of the company. In the few areas of the eastern United States where an ABC station does not have wireless coverage, WABC is available on DirecTV and select cable systems.
Frequently asked questions about Dan Häusle
Who is Dan Hausle? Dan Hausle is an American journalist who was born and raised in the United States. He works as a reporter and replaces the moderator for 7NEWS. He joined the network in 1993 and is New England’s most-travelled television reporter. How old is Dan Hausle? He was born in the United States, but he has not shared his date of birth with the public as it is not documented anywhere as of 2020. How tall is Dan Hausle? He stands at an average height, he hasn’t shared his height with the public. Its size will be listed once we have it from a credible source. Is Dan Hausle married? Dan is a married man living in Newton. Information about his wife’s name, age and year of marriage is still under investigation. We will update them as information becomes available. Häusler and his wife have two sons How much is Dan Häusle worth? Myers has an approximate net worth of $1 million and $5 million. This amount comes from her senior positions in the journalism industry. How much does Dan Hausle make? Myers earns an annual salary of between $24,292 and $72,507, which equates to an average hourly wage of between $10.15 and $31.32. This is according to our average salary estimate for a journalist in the United States. Is Dan Hausle dead or alive? Myers is alive and in good health. There were no reports that she was ill or had any health problems.
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Lê Quốc Minh
Vietnamese reporter
Lê Quốc Minh (born December 1, 1969) is a Vietnamese reporter, journalist and politician. He is currently a member of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Editor-in-Chief of Nhân Dân. He was former Deputy Director General of Vietnam News Agency and former Editor-in-Chief of VietnamPlus. Lê Quốc Minh is a member of the Vietnamese Communist Party, a journalist with a bachelor’s degree in foreign languages and journalism.
Early life[edit]
Le Quốc Minh was born on December 1, 1969 in Hanoi. He studied English at the Hanoi University of Foreign Language Education (the predecessor of the University of Foreign Languages, Vietnam National University, Hanoi). He graduated from university in 1990. In the years that followed, he began his career as an editor at the Vietnam News Agency while continuing to study journalism at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, graduating in 1995 with courses at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics an Advanced Degree in Political Theory. Lê Quốc Minh was inducted into the Vietnamese Communist Party on May 29, 2002 and became an official member on May 29, 2003.[1]
Career [edit]
Lê Quốc Minh began his journalism career in the 1990s as an editor at the World News Department of the Vietnam News Agency. World News Department, in conjunction with a network of 30 overseas offices worldwide, continuously updates daily news on international and regional issues and publishes numerous magazines and some television programs. After graduating in journalism from the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, he went to Japan in 1996 to work at NHK as a Humanities Expert and Vietnamese Language Specialist at NHK World.[2] In 2000 he returned to Vietnam, worked as an editor for the World News Department and was tasked with developing a website for the agency.[2]
Lê Quốc Minh is the founder of the Vietnam Journalism Forum in 2004 and has since continued to award annual scholarships to journalism students. He is a regular lecturer for journalist training programs of the Vietnam Journalists Association and the press department of the Ministry of Information and Communications, and a regional expert of the World Press Association (WAN-IFRA). Lê Quốc Minh is also a speaker at many international press conferences and seminars.[3]
In 2008 he was appointed Editor-in-Chief of VietnamPlus, an online newspaper of Vietnam News Agency in five languages including Vietnamese, English, French, Spanish and Chinese. He is the first editor-in-chief of this electronic newspaper. Among the many creative journalistic projects initiated by Lê Quốc Minh are a rap newsletter called RapNewsPlus, which aims to catch the attention of young people from November 2013;[3] an infographic project launched in 2014. [4] He also worked with the State Committee on Overseas Vietnamese to launch and develop the vietkieu.info website and coordinated with the Authority of Foreign Information Service, Ministry of Information and Communications to launch the Vietnam-France website start.[5] RapNewsPlus won first place in the 2014 Digital First category of the World Young Reader Prizes, the annual awards of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA).[6] Under his leadership, VietnamPlus was awarded the Order of Labor second class for many achievements.[7]
On November 17, 2017, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan appointed Phuc Lê Quốc Minh as Deputy Director General of the Vietnam News Agency.[8]
He is also the initiator of the Say No to Fake News project, which equips students with fake news detection from 2019 and is deployed in many places across the country, including Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Dong Thap, Kann Tho.[9] Until the end of 2020, the VNA project will be called “Fight Against Fake News – Creative Ideas and Effective Solutions” with three components: anti-fake news song in 15 languages; Factcheckvn account on TikTok for young people; and The Say No to Fake News Project won the Best Project for News Literacy category at the 2020 WAN-IFRA Asia Digital Media Awards.[10] Factcheckvn was also recognized as Community Media Channel of the Year at the TikTok Awards Vietnam 2020.[11]
In two days, from August 13 to 14, the Vietnam News Agency Party Committee held the 26th Congress (2020-2025 term) in Hanoi and elected Lê Quốc Minh as Secretary of the Vietnam News Agency Party Committee.[12] On January 30, 2021, he was elected an official member of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam at the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[13]
On April 29, 2021, the Politburo issued a resolution appointing Lê Quốc Minh as editor-in-chief of Nhân Dân. He officially took over the post during the personnel deployment conference of the party’s central committee on May 20, 2021.[14]
On August 6, 2021, the Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of Vietnam announced Politburo Resolution No. 180-QDNS/TW issued on July 21, 2021 appointing Lê Quốc Minh as Deputy Head of the Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of Vietnam. He was also appointed party secretary of the Vietnam Journalists Association.[15][16]
The Guardian
British national daily newspaper
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper. It was founded as The Manchester Guardian in 1821 and changed its name in 1959.[5] Along with its sister newspapers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust.[6] The Trust was established in 1936 to “secure the continued financial and editorial independence of The Guardian and to protect The Guardian’s journalistic freedom and liberal values free from commercial or political interference”.[7] The Trust was converted into a limited liability company in 2008, with articles of association written to maintain The Guardian with the same protections built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its founders. Profits are reinvested in journalism and not distributed to owners or shareholders.[7] It is considered a newspaper with records in the UK.[8][9]
Editor-in-Chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015.[10][11] Since 2018, the most important newspaper parts of the newspaper have been published in tabloid format. As of July 2021, the print edition had a daily circulation of 105,134.[4] The newspaper has an online edition, TheGuardian.com, and two international websites, Guardian Australia (established 2013) and Guardian US (established 2011). The newspaper’s readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion,[12][13] and the term “Guardian Reader” is used to imply a stereotype of liberal, left-wing or “politically correct” views.[3] Frequent typos in the age of manual typesetting led in the 1960s to Private Eye magazine naming the newspaper “Grauniad”, a nickname still occasionally used by editors in self-mockery.[14]
In a research survey by Ipsos MORI in September 2018, which aimed to survey the public’s trust in certain online titles, The Guardian received the highest score for news about digital content, with 84% of readers agreeing that they “trust it what [they] see in it”.[ Fifteen] A December 2018 survey report by Publishers Audience Measurement Company (PAMCo) found that the print edition of the newspaper was viewed as the most trusted in the UK over the period October 2017 to September 2018. It was also reported to be the most trusted -Read the UK’s “quality newsbrands”, including digital editions; Other “quality” brands included The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent and The i. While The Guardian’s print circulation is declining, the report indicates that news from The Guardian, including online reports, reaches more than 23 million UK adults each month.[16]
Chief among the notable “spikes” received by the newspaper was the News International phone hacking scandal of 2011 – and specifically the hacking of the phone of murdered English teenager Milly Dowler.[17] The investigation led to the closure of News of the World, the UK’s best-selling Sunday newspaper and one of the highest-circulating newspapers in history.[18] In June 2013, The Guardian broke the news of the Obama administration’s secret collection of Verizon phone records[19] and subsequently revealed the existence of the surveillance program PRISM after leaking knowledge to the newspaper of whistleblower and former NSA contractor Edward Snowden .[20] In 2016, The Guardian conducted an investigation into the Panama Papers and revealed then Prime Minister David Cameron’s ties to offshore bank accounts. It has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, most recently in 2014 for its reporting on government surveillance.[21]
story
1821 to 1972
early years
Manchester Guardian prospectus, 1821 prospectus, 1821
The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with the support of the Little Circle, a group of non-conformist businessmen.[22] They launched the newspaper on May 5, 1821 (coincidentally the very day of Napoleon’s death) after the police had shut down the more radical Manchester Observer, a newspaper which had championed the cause of the Peterloo massacre protesters. Hostile to the radical reformers, Taylor wrote: “You have appealed not to reason, but to the passions and suffering of your mistreated and credulous countrymen, from whose ill-paid industry they draw the means of a plentiful and you don’t work, they spin.” neither do they, but they live better than those who do.”[24] When the government shut down the Manchester Observer, the mill owners’ advocates had the upper hand.[25]
Influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the paper’s inception, and all members of the Little Circle wrote articles for the new paper.[26] The prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would “zealously uphold the principles of civil and religious liberty … be vigorous in the cause of reform … seek to assist in the dissemination of just principles of political economy and … to support them, without regard to the party from which they emanate, all appropriate measures.”[27] In 1825 the newspaper merged with British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828.[28]
The working class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called The Manchester Guardian “the disgusting prostitute and filthy parasite of the worst part of the mill owners”.[29] The Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to workers’ demands. Regarding the 1832 ten-hour bill, the newspaper questioned whether, in the face of foreign competition, “the passing of an act positively enacting a gradual destruction of cotton manufacture in this kingdom would be a much less rational course of action.”[30] The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators, declaring that “if an agreement can be reached, the Union agents’ employment is over. They make their living by quarrelling…”[31]
Slavery and the American Civil War
The newspaper opposed slavery and supported free trade. An 1823 editorial on the continuing “cruelty and injustice” towards slaves in the West Indies long after the slave trade had been abolished with the Slave Trade Act of 1807 wanted fairness to the interests and claims of both the planters and their oppressed slaves. 32] It welcomed the 1833 Abolition of Slavery Act and accepted the “increased compensation” for planters since the “guilt of slavery inflicts far more on the nation” than on individuals. The law’s success would encourage emancipation in other slave-holding nations to avoid the “imminent threat of a violent and bloody termination.”[33] However, the newspaper argued against restricting trade with countries that had not yet abolished slavery.[34]
Complex tensions developed in the United States.[35] When abolitionist George Thompson went on tour, the newspaper said: “Lavery is a monstrous evil, but civil war is no less; and we would not seek even the abolition of the former by the imminent danger of the latter”. It suggested that the United States should compensate slave owners for freeing slaves[36] and urged President Franklin Pierce to resolve the 1856 “civil war,” the sacking of Lawrence, on the basis of pro-slavery legislation imposed by Congress .[37]
In 1860, The Observer cited a report that newly elected President Abraham Lincoln opposed the abolition of slavery.[38] On May 13, 1861, shortly after the start of the American Civil War, the Manchester Guardian primarily portrayed the Northern states as imposing an onerous trade monopoly on the Confederate States, arguing that if the South were to opt for direct trade with Europe would be free, “the day would not be far off when slavery itself would end”. So the paper asked, “Why should the South be prevented from breaking free from slavery?”[39] This hopeful view was echoed by Liberal leader William Ewart Gladstone.[40]
Statue of Lincoln in Manchester with excerpts from the workers’ letter and his reply on the plinth.
In Britain there were divisions over the civil war, even within the political parties. The Manchester Guardian was also conflicted. She had supported other independence movements and felt that she should also support the Confederacy’s rights to self-determination. It criticized Lincoln’s Emancipation Declaration for not freeing all American slaves.[40] On October 10, 1862, it wrote: “It is impossible to give any thought to a man so obviously sincere and well-intentioned as Mr. Lincoln, but it is also impossible not to feel that it is both for It was a bad day for America and for the world. when he was elected President of the United States”.[41] By this time the Union blockade was causing suffering in British cities. Some, including Liverpool, were supportive of the Confederacy, as was “current opinion in all classes” in London On December 18, 1862, cotton workers held a meeting in the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, at which “their aversion to Negro slavery in America and the attempt by the rebellious Southern slaveholders to organize a slavery nation in the great American continent were resolved as a basis”. There was a comment that “an editorial in the Manchester Guardian attempted to discourage the workers from assembling for such a purpose.” The newspaper reported all this and published its letter to President Lincoln[42]. , while complaining that “the main preoccupation, if not the main purpose of the meeting, was to h aben appears to be abusing the Manchester Guardian”.[41] Lincoln replied to the letter, thanking the workers for their “exalted Christian heroism,” and American ships shipped relief supplies to Britain.[42]
Reporting to the community the shock of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination in 1865, the newspaper concluded that “[t]he separation of his family from the dying President is too sad to describe,”[43] but in which, in today’s terms, an unconsidered editorial wrote that “we can only speak of his rule as a series of acts abhorring any true notion of constitutional rights and human liberty,” adding, “It is undoubtedly regrettable that he did not have the opportunity to justify his good intentions”.[40]
According to Martin Kettle, writing for The Guardian in February 2011, “The Guardian had always hated slavery. But he doubted the Union hated slavery to the same extent. He argued that the Union had always condoned slavery, shielding southern slave states from the condemnation they deserved. She criticized Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation for failing to end slavery outright across the US, and she chided the President for being so willing to negotiate with the South, with slavery being one of the issues still on the table table lying”.[44]
C.P. Scott
C. P. Scott made the newspaper nationally recognized. He was editor for 57 years from 1872 and became its owner when he bought the paper from Taylor’s son’s estate in 1907. Under Scott, the newspaper’s moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886 and opposing the Second Boer War against public opinion.[45] Scott supported the women’s suffrage movement but was critical of any suffragette tactics involving direct action:[46] “The truly ridiculous position is that Mr. Lloyd George is fighting to disenfranchise seven million women and the militants smashing the windows of unoffended people and breaking up meetings of benevolent societies in a desperate attempt to stop him.” Scott thought the suffragettes’ “courage and devotion” were “worthy of a better cause and saner leadership.”[47 ] It has been argued that Scott’s criticism at the time reflected a widespread disdain for those women who had “transgressed the gendered expectations of Edwardian society”.
Scott commissioned J. M. Synge and his friend Jack Yeats to produce articles and drawings documenting social conditions in the west of Ireland; these pieces were published in the Travels collection in Wicklow, West Kerry and Connemara in 1911.[48]
Scott’s friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration. In 1948 the Manchester Guardian was a supporter of the new State of Israel.
Ownership of the newspaper passed to the Scott Trust (named after the last owner, John Russell Scott, who was the first chairman of the trust) in June 1936. This step ensured the newspaper’s independence.[49] [Additional citations required]
From 1930 to 1967 a special archive copy of all daily newspapers was kept in 700 zinc cassettes. These were found in 1988 when the newspaper’s archives were deposited in the University of Manchester’s John Rylands University Library on the Oxford Road campus. The first case was opened and contained the newspapers published in August 1930 in perfect condition. The zinc boxes had been made each month by the paper’s plumber and preserved for posterity. The other 699 cases were left unopened and were all returned to the Guardian’s garage due to lack of space in the library.[50]
Spanish Civil War
Traditionally affiliated with the centre-to-centre left of the Liberal Party and with a northern, non-conformist distribution base, the newspaper gained national reputation and the respect of the left during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). George Orwell wrote in Homage to Catalonia (1938): “Of our major newspapers the Manchester Guardian is the only one that leaves me with a heightened respect for its honesty.”[51] With the pro-liberal News Chronicle, the Labor-supporting Daily Herald , the Communist Party’s Daily Worker and several Sunday and weekly newspapers, it supported the Republican government against the insurgent nationalists of General Francisco Franco.[52]
postwar
The newspaper’s editor at the time, A.P. Wadsworth, detested Labor’s left-wing advocate Aneurin Bevan, who in a speech “and the hate gospellers of his entourage” alluded to getting rid of “Tory Vermin” so much that he encouraged readers to vote Conservative the general election of 1951 and the removal of Clement Attlee’s Labor government after the war.[53] The newspaper opposed the creation of the National Health Service, fearing that state health care would “eliminate selective elimination” and lead to an increase in birth defects and helplessness.[54]
The Manchester Guardian strongly opposed military intervention during the 1956 Suez Crisis: “The Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt is an act of folly, without justification in any way except brief expediency. It pours fuel on a growing fire. One does not know what kind of explosion will follow.”[55][56]
On August 24, 1959, The Manchester Guardian changed its name to The Guardian. This change reflected the growing importance of national and international affairs in the newspaper.[57] In September 1961 The Guardian, previously only published in Manchester, began printing in London.[58] Nesta Roberts was appointed the newspaper’s first female news editor, becoming the first woman to hold such a position in a UK national newspaper. [59]
1972 to 2000
Northern Ireland conflict
When 13 civil rights protesters were killed by the Parachute Regiment on January 30, 1972 (known as Bloody Sunday) in Northern Ireland, The Guardian wrote: “Neither side can escape conviction.”[60] Of the protesters they wrote: “The organizers of the demonstration, including Miss Bernadette Devlin, deliberately questioned the ban on demonstrations, they wrote, “there seems little doubt that random shots were fired into the crowd, that persons who were neither bombers nor arms carriers were aimed at, and that excessive violence was used.”[60]
Many Irish believed that the Widgery Tribunal’s verdict on the murders was a whitewash,[61] a view later supported with the publication of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry in 2010,[62] but in 1972 The Guardian stated that “Widgerys Report is not one-sided” (20 April 1972).[63] At the time the newspaper also supported detention without trial in Northern Ireland: “Detention without trial is hateful, repressive and undemocratic. In the existing Irish situation, unfortunately, it is also inevitable … . Removing the ringleaders in the hope of calming the atmosphere is a move to which there is no obvious alternative.”[64] The Guardian had previously called for British troops to be sent to the region, claiming that their deployment ” may show a more disinterested face in law and order”,[65] but only on condition that “Britain takes the lead.”[66]
Sarah Tisdal
In 1983, the paper was at the center of a controversy over documents leaking to The Guardian from official Sarah Tisdall regarding the deployment of cruise missiles in Britain. The newspaper eventually complied with a court order to turn over the documents to authorities, resulting in Tisdall being sentenced to six months in prison, although she only served four. “I still blame myself,” said Peter Preston, then editor of The Guardian, but he went on to argue that the paper had no choice because it “believed in the rule of law.”[68] In an article dealing with Julian Assange and journalists’ protection of sources, John Pilger criticized the Guardian’s editor for betraying Tisdall by choosing not to go to jail “on the basis of the fundamental principle of protecting sources”. to go.[69]
Alleged intrusion of the Russian secret service
In 1994, KGB defector Oleg Gordievsky identified Guardian literary editor Richard Gott as an “agent of influence”. While Gott denied receiving any cash, he did admit to having lunch at the Soviet embassy and taking advantage of the KGB on visits abroad. God resigned from his post.[70]
Gordievsky commented on the newspaper: “The KGB loved The Guardian. It was considered very vulnerable to penetration.”[71]
Jonathan Aitken
In 1995 both the Granada television program World in Action and The Guardian were sued for defamation by then-Cabinet Minister Jonathan Aitken for alleging that Harrods owner Mohamed Al Fayed paid for Aitken and his wife to stay at the Hôtel Ritz in Paris, amounting to a bribe von Aitken would have matched. Aitken publicly declared that he would fight with “the simple sword of truth and the sure shield of British fair play”.[72] The court case continued, and in 1997 The Guardian presented evidence that Aitken’s claim that his wife was paying for the hotel stay was untrue.[73] In 1999, Aitken was jailed for perjury and perversion of justice.[74]
connection
In May 1998 a series of inquiries by the Guardian uncovered the large-scale falsification of a much-celebrated ITV documentary The Connection, produced by Carlton Television.
The documentary aims to film an undiscovered route by which heroin was smuggled into the UK from Colombia. An internal investigation at Carlton found that The Guardian’s claims were largely correct, and the industry’s regulator at the time, the ITC, fined Carlton a record £2million[75] for multiple breaches of UK broadcasting laws. The scandal led to a passionate debate about the accuracy of documentary production.[76][77]
Later in June 1998, The Guardian revealed further forgeries in another Carlton documentary by the same director.[78]
Kosovo War
The paper supported NATO’s military intervention in the 1998–1999 Kosovo War. The Guardian declared that “the only honorable course for Europe and America is the use of military force.”[79] Mary Kaldor’s article was headlined “Bombs Away! But to save civilians, we also need to deploy some soldiers.”[80]
Since 2000
Esther Addley, senior news writer for The Guardian, interviews Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Esther Addley, who is interviewing Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño for an article on Julian Assange in 2014.
In the early 2000s, The Guardian challenged the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Treason Felony Act 1848.[81][82] In October 2004, The Guardian ran a humorous column by Charlie Brooker in its Entertainment Guide, the last sentence of which was viewed by some as an incitement to violence against US President George W. Bush. After a controversy, Brooker and the newspaper issued an apology, saying the “closing comments were intended as a tongue-in-cheek joke, not a call to action.” [83] After the 7 July 2005 London bombings, The Guardian published an article about comment pages by Dilpazier Aslam, a 27-year-old British Muslim and journalist intern from Yorkshire.[84] Aslam was a member of the Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir and had published a number of articles on its website. According to the newspaper, she was unaware that Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir when he applied for an apprenticeship, although several staffers were informed when he first joined the newspaper.[85] The Interior Ministry has claimed that the “ultimate goal of the group is the establishment of an Islamic state (caliphate) according to Hizb ut-Tahrir by non-violent means”. The Guardian urged Aslam to resign from the group, and when he failed to do so he resigned from his job.[86] In early 2009, the newspaper launched a tax investigation into a number of major UK companies,[87] including publishing a database of taxes paid by the FTSE 100 companies.[88] Internal documents related to Barclays Bank’s tax avoidance were removed from The Guardian website after Barclays received a gag order.[89] The newspaper played a crucial role in exposing the depth of the News of the World phone-hacking affair. The Economist’s Intelligent Life magazine opined that…
Like Watergate for the Washington Post and thalidomide for the Sunday Times, so for The Guardian phone hacking will surely be: a defining moment in its history.[90]
Reporting on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
In recent decades, The Guardian has been accused of biased criticism of Israeli government policies[91] and bias against the Palestinians.[92] In December 2003, columnist Julie Burchill cited “flaring prejudice against the State of Israel” as one of the reasons she left the newspaper for The Times.[93]
In response to these allegations, a 2002 Guardian editorial condemned anti-Semitism and defended the newspaper’s right to criticize the policies and actions of the Israeli government, arguing that those who view such criticism as inherently anti-Jewish err.[94] Harriet Sherwood, then the Guardian’s foreign editor and later its Jerusalem correspondent, has also denied that the Guardian has any anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[95]
On November 6, 2011, The Guardian Readers’ Editor, Chris Elliott, wrote that “Guardian reporters, writers and editors need to be more vigilant about the language they use when writing about Jews or Israel,” citing recent cases , in which The Guardian received complaints regarding the language chosen to describe Jews or Israel. Elliott noted that for nine months he had maintained complaints about the language in certain articles deemed anti-Semitic, revised the language, and footnoted the change.[96]
The Guardian’s style guide section named Tel Aviv as the capital of Israel in 2012.[97][98] The Guardian later clarified: “In 1980, the Israeli Knesset enacted a law designating the city of Jerusalem, including East Jerusalem, as the country’s capital, the Holy City of Jerusalem” and called on all member states with diplomatic missions in the city to withdraw. The UN has reiterated this position on numerous occasions and almost every country now has its embassy in Tel Aviv corrected to make it clear that Israel’s designation of Jerusalem as the capital is not recognized by the international community, we accept that it is a false claim , Tel Aviv – the financial and diplomatic center of the country – is the capital. The style guide has been changed accordingly .”[99]
On August 11, 2014, during the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict, the print edition of The Guardian ran a pro-Israel advocacy ad starring Elie Wiesel, headlined “Jews rejected child sacrifice 3,500 years ago. Now it’s Hamas’ turn.” The Times decided against running the ad, even though it had already appeared in major American newspapers.[100] A week later, Chris Elliott expressed the opinion that the newspaper should have rejected the language used in the ad and negotiated the matter with the advertiser.[101]
Clark County
In August 2004, to coincide with the US presidential election, daily supplement G2 launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in Clark County, Ohio, a medium-sized county in a swing state. Editor Ian Katz purchased a county voter roll for $25 and asked readers to write to those listed as undecided about voting to give them a sense of the international perspective and importance of standing up against President George W. Bush agree.[102][102][102][102] Circular reference] Katz later admitted that he did not believe Democrats who warned that the campaign would benefit Bush and not adversary John Kerry.[103] The newspaper scrapped “Operation Clark County” on October 21, 2004, after first publishing a column with – almost everyone outraged – reactions to the campaign under the headline “Dear Limey assholes”.[104] Some commentators suggested that public dislike for the campaign contributed to Bush’s victory in Clark County.[105]
Guardian America and Guardian USA
In 2007, the newspaper Guardian America launched an attempt to capitalize on its large online readership in the United States, which at the time was more than 5.9 million. The company hired former American Prospect editor, New Yorker magazine columnist and New York Review of Books author Michael Tomasky to lead the project and hire a staff of American reporters and web editors. The site contained news from The Guardian relevant to an American audience: coverage of US news and the Middle East, for example.[106]
Tomasky resigned from his position as editor of Guardian America in February 2009, delegating editorial and planning responsibilities to other staff in the US and London. He retained his position as a columnist and blogger and assumed the title editor-at-large.[107]
In October 2009, the company abandoned Guardian America’s home page, instead directing users to a US news index page on Guardian’s main website.[108] The following month, the company laid off six American employees, including a reporter, a multimedia producer, and four web editors. Der Schritt erfolgte, als Guardian News and Media sich entschloss, seine US-Strategie angesichts enormer Anstrengungen zur Kostensenkung im gesamten Unternehmen zu überdenken.[109] In den folgenden Jahren hat The Guardian jedoch verschiedene Kommentatoren zu US-Angelegenheiten eingestellt, darunter Ana Marie Cox, Michael Wolff, Naomi Wolf, Glenn Greenwald und Josh Treviño, den ehemaligen Redenschreiber von George W. Bush. Treviños erster Blogbeitrag war eine Entschuldigung für einen kontroversen Tweet, der im Juni 2011 über die zweite Gaza-Flottille gepostet wurde, die Kontroverse, die durch die Ernennung wiederbelebt worden war.[112]
Guardian US startete im September 2011 unter der Leitung von Chefredakteurin Janine Gibson und ersetzte den früheren Dienst Guardian America.[113] Nach einer Zeit, in der Katharine Viner als US-Chefredakteurin tätig war, bevor sie die Leitung von Guardian News and Media als Ganzes übernahm, wurde Viners ehemaliger Stellvertreter, Lee Glendinning, Anfang 2017 zu ihrem Nachfolger als Leiterin der amerikanischen Niederlassung ernannt Juni 2015.[114]
Geknebelt von der Berichterstattung des Parlaments
Im Oktober 2009 berichtete The Guardian, dass es verboten sei, über eine parlamentarische Angelegenheit zu berichten – eine Frage, die in einem Anordnungspapier des Unterhauses festgehalten ist, das später in dieser Woche von einem Minister beantwortet werden soll.[115] Das Blatt stellte fest, dass es ihm „untersagt sei, seinen Lesern mitzuteilen, warum das Blatt – zum ersten Mal seit Menschengedenken – daran gehindert wird, über das Parlament zu berichten Mandant, der geheim bleiben muss. Die einzige Tatsache, über die The Guardian berichten kann, ist, dass der Fall die Londoner Anwälte Carter-Ruck betrifft.“ Das Papier behauptete weiter, dass dieser Fall „Privilegien in Frage zu stellen scheint, die die freie Meinungsäußerung garantieren, die in der Bill of Rights von 1689 festgelegt wurden“.[116] Die einzige parlamentarische Anfrage, in der Carter-Ruck im relevanten Zeitraum erwähnt wurde, war von Paul Farrelly MP, in Bezug auf rechtliche Schritte von Barclays und Trafigura.[117][118] Der Teil der Frage, der sich auf Carter-Ruck bezieht, bezieht sich auf den Knebelbefehl des letztgenannten Unternehmens vom September 2009 über die Veröffentlichung eines internen Berichts von 2006[119] über den Giftmülldeponie-Skandal von 2006 in Côte d’Ivoire, der eine Sammelklage gegen das Unternehmen beinhaltete erst im September 2009 beigelegt, nachdem The Guardian einige der internen E-Mails des Rohstoffhändlers veröffentlicht hatte.[120] Die einstweilige Verfügung zur Anzeige wurde am nächsten Tag aufgehoben, da Carter-Ruck sie zurückzog, bevor The Guardian sie vor dem Obersten Gericht anfechten konnte.[121] Alan Rusbridger schrieb das schnelle Einlenken von Carter-Ruck Postings auf Twitter zu[122], ebenso wie ein BBC-Artikel.[123]
Edward Snowden Leaks und Intervention der britischen Regierung
Im Juni 2013 brachte die Zeitung Neuigkeiten über die geheime Sammlung von Verizon-Telefonaufzeichnungen, die von Barack Obamas Regierung aufbewahrt wurden[19][124] und enthüllte anschließend die Existenz des PRISM-Überwachungsprogramms, nachdem es von dem ehemaligen NSA-Mitarbeiter Edward Snowden an die Zeitung weitergegeben worden war .[20] Der Guardian sagte, eine DSMA-Mitteilung sei am 7. Juni nach der ersten Guardian-Story über die Snowden-Dokumente an Redakteure und Journalisten verschickt worden. Es hieß, die DSMA-Mitteilung sei als „Versuch, die Berichterstattung über Überwachungstaktiken, die von Geheimdiensten in Großbritannien und den USA eingesetzt werden, zu zensieren“ benutzt worden.[125]
Die Zeitung wurde daraufhin vom Kabinettssekretär der britischen Regierung, Sir Jeremy Heywood, auf Anweisung von Premierminister David Cameron und Vizepremierminister Nick Clegg kontaktiert, der anordnete, dass die Festplatten mit den Informationen zerstört werden.[126] Die Büros des Guardian wurden dann im Juli von Agenten des britischen GCHQ besucht, die die Zerstörung der Festplatten überwachten, die die von Snowden erworbenen Informationen enthielten.[127] Der Guardian sagte, er habe die Festplatten zerstört, um drohende rechtliche Schritte der britischen Regierung zu vermeiden, die ihn daran hätten hindern können, über die in den Dokumenten enthaltene Überwachung durch die US- und britische Regierung zu berichten.[128] Im Juni 2014 berichtete The Register, dass die Informationen, die die Regierung zu unterdrücken versuchte, indem sie die Festplatten zerstörten, sich auf den Standort einer „jenseits streng geheimen“ Internetüberwachungsbasis in Seeb, Oman, und die enge Beteiligung von BT und Cable & Wireless bezogen intercepting internet communications.[129] Julian Assange criticised the newspaper for not publishing the entirety of the content when it had the chance.[130] Rusbridger had initially covered the Snowden documents without the government’s supervision, but subsequently sought it, and established an ongoing relationship with the Defence Ministry. The Guardian coverage of Snowden later continued because the information had already been copied outside the United Kingdom, earning the newspaper a Pulitzer Prize. Rusbridger and subsequent chief editors would sit on the government’s DSMA-notice board.[131]
Manafort–Assange secret meetings
In a November 2018 Guardian article, Luke Harding and Dan Collyns cited anonymous sources which stated that Donald Trump’s former campaign manager Paul Manafort held secret meetings with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2013, 2015, and 2016.[132] The name of a third author, Fernando Villavicencio, was removed from the online version of the story soon after publication. The title of the story was originally ‘Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy’. A few hours after publication, ‘sources say’ was added to the title, and the meeting became an ‘apparent meeting’.[133] One reporter characterized the story, “If it’s right, it might be the biggest get this year. If it’s wrong, it might be the biggest gaffe.” Manafort and Assange both denied ever having met with the latter threatening legal action against The Guardian.[134] Ecuador’s London consul Fidel Narváez, who had worked at Ecuador’s embassy in London from 2010 to July 2018, denied that Manafort’s visits had happened.[133] Serge Halimi said Harding had a personal grievance against Assange and noted that Manafort’s name does not appear in the Ecuadorian embassy’s visitors’ book and there were no pictures of Manafort entering or leaving “one of the most surveilled and filmed buildings on the planet”.[133]
Priti Patel cartoon
The Guardian was accused of being “racist and misogynistic” after it published a cartoon depicting Home Secretary, Priti Patel as a cow with a ring in its nose in an alleged reference to her Hindu faith, since cows are considered sacred in Hinduism.[135][136]
WikiLeaks coverage
Journalist Glenn Greenwald, a former contributor to The Guardian, has accused The Guardian of falsifying the words of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange in a report about the interview he gave to Italian newspaper La Repubblica. In The Intercept, Greenwald wrote: “This article is about how those [Guardian’s] false claims—fabrications, really—were spread all over the internet by journalists, causing hundreds of thousands of people (if not millions) to consume false news.”[137] The Guardian later amended its article about Assange.[138][clarification needed]
After publishing a story on 13 January 2017 claiming that WhatsApp had a “backdoor [that] allows snooping on messages”, more than 70 professional cryptographers signed on to an open letter calling for The Guardian to retract the article.[139][140] On 13 June 2017, editor Paul Chadwick released an article detailing the flawed reporting in the original January article, which was amended to remove references to a backdoor.[141][142]
Ownership and finances
The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group (GMG) of newspapers, radio stations and print media. GMG components include The Observer, The Guardian Weekly and TheGuardian.com. All were owned by The Scott Trust, a charitable foundation existing between 1936 and 2008, which aimed to ensure the paper’s editorial independence in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health to ensure it did not become vulnerable to takeovers by commercial media groups. At the beginning of October 2008, the Scott Trust’s assets were transferred to a new limited company, The Scott Trust Limited, with the intention being that the original trust would be wound up.[143] Dame Liz Forgan, chair of the Scott Trust, reassured staff that the purposes of the new company remained the same as under the previous arrangements.
The Guardian ‘s headquarters in London headquarters in London
The Guardian is the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.[144] It is also the only British national daily newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the “readers’ editor”) to handle complaints and corrections.
The Guardian and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa; GMG sold the majority of its shares of the Mail & Guardian in 2002.[145]
The Guardian was consistently loss-making until 2019.[146] The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9 million in 2006, up from £18.6 million in 2005.[147] The paper was therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group.
The continual losses made by the National Newspaper division of the Guardian Media Group caused it to dispose of its Regional Media division by selling titles to competitor Trinity Mirror in March 2010. This included the flagship Manchester Evening News, and severed the historic link between that paper and The Guardian. The sale was in order to safeguard the future of The Guardian newspaper as is the intended purpose of the Scott Trust.[148]
In June 2011 Guardian News and Media revealed increased annual losses of £33 million and announced that it was looking to focus on its online edition for news coverage, leaving the print edition to contain more comments and features. It was also speculated that The Guardian might become the first British national daily paper to be fully online.[149][150]
For the three years up to June 2012, the paper lost £100,000 a day, which prompted Intelligent Life to question whether The Guardian could survive.[151]
Between 2007 and 2014 The Guardian Media Group sold all their side businesses, of regional papers and online portals for classifieds and consolidated, into The Guardian as sole product. The sales let them acquire a capital stock of £838.3 million as of July 2014, supposed to guarantee the independence of the Guardian in perpetuity. In the first year, the paper made more losses than predicted, and in January 2016 the publishers announced, that The Guardian will cut 20 per cent of staff and costs within the next three years.[152] The newspaper is rare in calling for direct contributions “to deliver the independent journalism the world needs.”[153]
The Guardian Media Group’s 2018 annual report (year ending 1 April 2018) indicated some significant changes occurring. Its digital (online) editions accounted for over 50% of group revenues by that time; the loss from news and media operations was £18.6 million, 52% lower than during the prior year (2017: £38.9 million). The Group had cut costs by £19.1 million, partly by switching its print edition to the tabloid format. The Guardian Media Group’s owner, the Scott Trust Endowment Fund, reported that its value at the time was £1.01 billion (2017: £1.03 billion).[154] In the following financial report (for the year 2018–2019), the group reported a profit (EBITDA) of £0.8 million before exceptional items, thus breaking even in 2019.[155][156]
To be sustainable, the annual subsidy must fall within the £25m of interest returned on the investments from the Scott Trust Endowment Fund. [157]
“Membership” subscription scheme
In 2014, The Guardian launched a membership scheme.[158] The scheme aims to reduce the financial losses incurred by The Guardian without introducing a paywall, thus maintaining open access to the website. Website readers can pay a monthly subscription, with three tiers available.[159] As of 2018 this approach was considered successful, having brought more than 1 million subscriptions or donations, with the paper hoping to break even by April 2019.[160]
Foundation funding
The Guardian Foundation at the Senate House History Day, 2019.
In 2016, the company established a U.S.-based philanthropic arm to raise money from individuals and organizations including think tanks and corporate foundations.[161] The grants are focused by the donors on particular issues. By the following year, the organization had raised $1 million from the likes of Pierre Omidyar’s Humanity United, the Skoll Foundation, and the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation to finance reporting on topics including modern-day slavery and climate change. The Guardian has stated that it has secured $6 million “in multi-year funding commitments” thus far.[162]
The new project developed from funding relationships which the paper already had with the Ford, Rockefeller, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.[163] Gates had given the organization $5 million[164] for its Global Development webpage.[165]
As of March 2020, the journal claims to be “the first major global news organisation to institute an outright ban on taking money from companies that extract fossil fuels.”[166]
Political stance and editorial opinion
Founded by textile traders and merchants, in its early years The Guardian had a reputation as “an organ of the middle class”,[167] or in the words of C. P. Scott’s son Ted, “a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last”.[168] Associated at first with the Little Circle and hence with classical liberalism as expressed by the Whigs and later by the Liberal Party, its political orientation underwent a decisive change after World War II, leading to a gradual alignment with Labour and the political left in general.
The Scott Trust describes one of its “core purposes” to be “to secure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian in perpetuity: as a quality national newspaper without party affiliation; remaining faithful to its liberal tradition”.[7][169] The paper’s readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion: a MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters;[12] according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34 per cent Liberal Democrat voters.[13] The term “Guardian reader” can be used to imply a stereotype of liberal, left-wing or “politically correct” views.[3]
Although the paper is often considered to be “linked inextricably” to the Labour Party,[169] three of The Guardian’s four leader writers joined the more centrist Social Democratic Party on its foundation in 1981. The paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair in his successful bid to lead the Labour Party,[170] and to be elected Prime Minister.[171] On 19 January 2003, two months before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, an Observer Editorial said: “Military intervention in the Middle East holds many dangers. But if we want a lasting peace it may be the only option. … War with Iraq may yet not come, but, conscious of the potentially terrifying responsibility resting with the British Government, we find ourselves supporting the current commitment to a possible use of force.”[172] The Guardian, however, opposed the war, along with the Daily Mirror and The Independent.[173]
Then Guardian features editor Ian Katz asserted in 2004 that “it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper”.[174] In 2008, Guardian columnist Jackie Ashley said that editorial contributors were a mix of “right-of-centre libertarians, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc,” and that the newspaper was “clearly left of centre and vaguely progressive”. She also said that “you can be absolutely certain that come the next general election, The Guardian’s stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn’t one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper”.[175] The paper’s comment and opinion pages, though often written by centre-left contributors such as Polly Toynbee, have allowed some space for right-of-centre voices such as Sir Max Hastings and Michael Gove. Since an editorial in 2000, The Guardian has favoured abolition of the British monarchy.[176] “I write for the Guardian,” said Max Hastings in 2005,[177] “because it is read by the new establishment,” reflecting the paper’s then-growing influence.
In the run-up to the 2010 general election, following a meeting of the editorial staff,[178] the paper declared its support for the Liberal Democrats, due in particular, to the party’s stance on electoral reform. The paper suggested tactical voting to prevent a Conservative victory, given Britain’s first-past-the-post electoral system.[179] At the 2015 election, the paper switched its support to the Labour Party. The paper argued that Britain needed a new direction and Labour “speaks with more urgency than its rivals on social justice, standing up to predatory capitalism, on investment for growth, on reforming and strengthening the public realm, Britain’s place in Europe and international development”.[180]
Assistant Editor Michael White, in discussing media self-censorship in March 2011, says: “I have always sensed liberal, middle class ill-ease in going after stories about immigration, legal or otherwise, about welfare fraud or the less attractive tribal habits of the working class, which is more easily ignored altogether. Toffs, including royal ones, Christians, especially popes, governments of Israel, and US Republicans are more straightforward targets.”[181]
In a 2013 interview for NPR, The Guardian’s Latin America correspondent Rory Carroll stated that many editors at The Guardian believed and continue to believe that they should support Hugo Chávez “because he was a standard-bearer for the left”.[182]
In the 2015 United Kingdom general election it endorsed the Labour Party.[183]
In the 2015 Labour Party leadership election, The Guardian supported Blairite candidate Yvette Cooper and was critical of left-winger Jeremy Corbyn, the successful candidate.[184] These positions were criticised by the Morning Star, which accused The Guardian of being conservative.[185] Although the majority of Guardian columnists were against Corbyn winning, Owen Jones, Seumas Milne, and George Monbiot wrote supportive articles about him. Despite the critical position of the paper in general, The Guardian endorsed the Labour Party whilst Corbyn was its leader in the 2017[186] and 2019 general elections — although in both cases they endorsed a vote for opposition parties other than Labour, such as the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party in seats where Labour did not stand a chance.[187]
In the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum The Guardian endorsed remaining in the EU,[188] and in the 2019 European election invited its readers to vote for pro-EU candidates, without endorsing specific parties.[189]
Circulation and format
The Guardian had a certified average daily circulation of 204,222 copies in December 2012 — a drop of 11.25 per cent in January 2012 — as compared to sales of 547,465 for The Daily Telegraph, 396,041 for The Times, and 78,082 for The Independent.[190] In March 2013, its average daily circulation had fallen to 193,586, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations.[191] Circulation has continued to decline and stood at 161,091 in December 2016, a decline of 2.98 per cent year-on-year.[192] In July 2021, the circulation was 105,134; later that year, the publishers stopped making circulation data public.[4]
Publication history
The Guardian ‘s Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name
The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,[193] at which time The Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836, The Guardian added a Wednesday edition and with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.
In October 1952, the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: “It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion.”[194]
Following the closure of the Anglican Church Newspaper, The Guardian, in 1951, the paper dropped “Manchester” from its title in 1959, becoming simply The Guardian.[195] In 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the more downmarket but more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s.[citation needed]
On 12 February 1988, The Guardian had a significant redesign; as well as improving the quality of its printers’ ink, it also changed its masthead to a juxtaposition of an italic Garamond “The”, with a bold Helvetica “Guardian”, that remained in use until the 2005 redesign.
In 1992, The Guardian relaunched its features section as G2, a tabloid-format supplement. This innovation was widely copied by the other “quality” broadsheets and ultimately led to the rise of “compact” papers and The Guardian’s move to the Berliner format. In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet price war started by Rupert Murdoch’s The Times. In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday sister newspaper with similar political views.
Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde and The Washington Post. The Guardian Weekly was also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad, which was launched in 2007 but had been taken offline by 2012.
Moving to the Berliner paper format
Front page of 6 June 2014 edition in the Berliner format.
The Guardian is printed in full colour,[196] and was the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format for its main section, while producing sections and supplements in a range of page sizes including tabloid, approximately A4, and pocket-size (approximately A5).
In 2004, The Guardian announced plans to change to a Berliner or “midi” format,[197] similar to that used by Die Tageszeitung in Germany, Le Monde in France and many other European papers. At 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid. Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change followed moves by The Independent and The Times to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. On Thursday, 1 September 2005, The Guardian announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September 2005.[198] Sister Sunday newspaper The Observer also changed to this new format on 8 January 2006.
The format switch was accompanied by a comprehensive redesign of the paper’s look. On Friday, 9 September 2005, the newspaper unveiled its newly designed front page, which débuted on Monday 12 September 2005. Designed by Mark Porter, the new look includes a new masthead for the newspaper, its first since 1988. A typeface family designed by Paul Barnes and Christian Schwartz was created for the new design. With just over 200 fonts, it was described as “one of the most ambitious custom type programs ever commissioned by a newspaper”.[199][200] Among the fonts is Guardian Egyptian, a slab serif that is used in various weights for both text and headlines, and is central to the redesign.
The switch cost Guardian Newspapers £80 million and involved setting up new printing presses in east London and Manchester.[201] This switch was necessary because, before The Guardian’s move, no printing presses in Britain could produce newspapers in the Berliner format. There were additional complications, as one of the paper’s presses was part-owned by Telegraph Newspapers and Express Newspapers, contracted to use the plant until 2009. Another press was shared with the Guardian Media Group’s north-western tabloid local papers, which did not wish to switch to the Berliner format.
front desk
The new format was generally well received by Guardian readers, who were encouraged to provide feedback on the changes. The only controversy was over the dropping of the Doonesbury cartoon strip. The paper reported thousands of calls and emails complaining about its loss; within 24 hours the decision was reversed and the strip was reinstated the following week. G2 supplement editor Ian Katz, who was responsible for dropping it, apologised in the editors’ blog saying, “I’m sorry, once again, that I made you—and the hundreds of fellow fans who have called our helpline or mailed our comments’ address—so cross.”[202] However, some readers were dissatisfied as the earlier deadline needed for the all-colour sports section meant coverage of late-finishing evening football matches became less satisfactory in the editions supplied to some parts of the country.
The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6 per cent higher than the figure for December 2004.[203] (However, as of December 2012, circulation had dropped to 204,222.)[204] In 2006, the US-based Society for News Design chose The Guardian and Polish daily Rzeczpospolita as the world’s best-designed newspapers—from among 389 entries from 44 countries.[205]
Tabloid format since 2018
In June 2017, Guardian Media Group (GMG) announced that The Guardian and The Observer would relaunch in tabloid format from early 2018.[206] The Guardian confirmed the launch date for the new format to be 15 January 2018. GMG also signed a contract with Trinity Mirror – the publisher of the Daily Mirror, Sunday Mirror, and Sunday People – to outsource printing of The Guardian and The Observer.[207]
The format change is intended to help cut costs as it allows the paper to be printed by a wider array of presses, and outsourcing the printing to presses owned by Trinity Mirror is expected to save millions of pounds annually. The move is part of a three-year plan that includes cutting 300 jobs in an attempt to reduce losses and break even by 2019.[206][208] The paper and ink are the same as previously and the font size is fractionally larger.[209]
An assessment of the response from readers in late April 2018 indicated that the new format had led to an increased number of subscriptions. The editors were working on changing aspects that had caused complaints from readers.[209]
In July 2018, the masthead of the new tabloid format was adjusted to a dark blue.[210]
Online media
The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site’s hits are for items over a month old.[211] As of May 2013, it was the most popular UK newspaper website with 8.2 million unique visitors per month, just ahead of Mail Online with 7.6 million unique monthly visitors.[212] In April 2011, MediaWeek reported that The Guardian was the fifth most popular newspaper site in the world.[213] Journalists use an analytics tool called Ophan, built entirely in-house, to measure website data around stories and audience.[214]
The Guardian launched an iOS mobile application for its content in 2009.[215] An Android app followed in 2011.[216] In 2018, the newspaper announced its apps and mobile website would be redesigned to coincide with its relaunch as a tabloid.[217]
The Comment is Free section features columns by the paper’s journalists and regular commentators, as well as articles from guest writers, including readers’ comments and responses below. The section includes all the opinion pieces published in the paper itself, as well as many others that only appear online. Censorship is exercised by Moderators who can ban posts – with no right of appeal – by those who they feel have overstepped the mark. The Guardian has taken what they call a very “open” stance in delivering news, and have launched an open platform for their content. This allows external developers to easily use Guardian content in external applications, and even to feed third-party content back into the Guardian network.[218] The Guardian also had a number of talkboards that were noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy until they were closed on Friday, 25 February 2011 after they had settled a libel action brought after months of harassment of a conservative party activist.[219][220] They were spoofed in The Guardian’s own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL that pointed to The Guardian’s talkboards.
In August 2013, a webshow titled Thinkfluencer[221] was launched by Guardian Multimedia in association with Arte.
In 2004 the paper also launched a dating website, Guardian Soulmates.[222] On 1 July 2020, Guardian Soulmates was closed down with the explanation: “It hasn’t been an easy decision to make, but the online dating world is a very different place to when we first launched online in July 2004. There are so many dating apps now, so many ways to meet people, which are often free and very quick.”[223]
podcast
The paper entered podcasting in 2005 with a twelve-part weekly podcast series by Ricky Gervais.[224] In January 2006, Gervais’ show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,[225] and was scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded podcast.[226]
The Guardian now offers several regular podcasts made by its journalists. One of the most prominent is Today in Focus, a daily news podcast hosted by Anushka Asthana and launched on 1 November 2018. It was an immediate success[227] and became one of the UK’s most-downloaded podcasts.[227][228][229]
GuardianFilms
In 2003, The Guardian started the film production company GuardianFilms, headed by journalist Maggie O’Kane. Much of the company’s output is documentary made for television– and it has included Salam Pax’s Baghdad Blogger for BBC Two’s daily flagship Newsnight, some of which have been shown in compilations by CNN International, Sex on the Streets and Spiked, both made for the UK’s Channel 4 television.[230]
GuardianFilms has received several broadcasting awards. In addition to two Amnesty International Media Awards in 2004 and 2005, The Baghdad Blogger: Salam Pax won a Royal Television Society Award in 2005. Baghdad: A Doctor’s Story won an Emmy Award for Best International Current Affairs film in 2007.[231] In 2008, photojournalist Sean Smith’s Inside the Surge won the Royal Television Society award for best international news film – the first time a newspaper has won such an award.[232][233] The same year, The Guardian’s Katine website was awarded for its outstanding new media output at the One World Media awards. Again in 2008, GuardianFilms’ undercover video report revealing vote rigging by Robert Mugabe’s ZANU–PF party during the 2007 Zimbabwe election won best news programme of the year at the Broadcast Awards.[231][234]
References in popular culture
The paper’s nickname The Grauniad (sometimes abbreviated as “Graun”) originated with the satirical magazine Private Eye.[235] This anagram played on The Guardian’s early reputation for frequent typographical errors, including misspelling its own name as The Gaurdian.[236]
The first issue of the newspaper contained a number of errors, including a notification that there would soon be some goods sold at atction instead of auction. Fewer typographical errors are seen in the paper since the end of hot-metal typesetting.[237] One Guardian writer, Keith Devlin, suggested that the high number of observed misprints was due more to the quality of the readership than the misprints’ greater frequency.[238] The fact that the newspaper was printed in Manchester until 1961 and the early, more error-prone, prints were sent to London by train may have contributed to this image as well.[239][236] When John Cole was appointed news editor by Alastair Hetherington in 1963, he sharpened the paper’s comparatively “amateurish” setup.[240]
Employees of The Guardian and sister paper The Observer have been depicted in the films The Fifth Estate (2013), Snowden (2016) and Official Secrets (2019), while Paddy Considine played a fictional Guardian journalist in the film The Bourne Ultimatum (2007).
awards
Erhalten
The Guardian has been awarded the National Newspaper of the Year in 1998, 2005,[241] 2010[242] and 2013[21] by the British Press Awards, and Front Page of the Year in 2002 (“A declaration of war”, 12 September 2001).[241][243] It was also co-winner of the World’s Best-designed Newspaper as awarded by the Society for News Design (2005, 2007, 2013, 2014).[244]
Guardian journalists have won a range of British Press Awards, including:[241]
Other awards include:
The Guardian, Observer and its journalists have also won numerous accolades at the British Sports Journalism Awards:
The guardian.co.uk website won the Best Newspaper category three years running in 2005, 2006 and 2007 Webby Awards, beating (in 2005) The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal and Variety.[290] It has been the winner for six years in a row of the British Press Awards for Best Electronic Daily Newspaper.[291] The site won an Eppy award from the US-based magazine Editor & Publisher in 2000 for the best-designed newspaper online service.[292]
In 2007, the newspaper was ranked first in a study on transparency that analysed 25 mainstream English-language media vehicles, which was conducted by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda of the University of Maryland.[293] It scored 3.8 out of a possible 4.0.
The Guardian and The Washington Post shared the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for public service reporting for their coverage of the NSA’s and GCHQ’s worldwide electronic surveillance program and the document leaks by whistleblower Edward Snowden.[294]
Given
The Guardian is the sponsor of two major literary awards: The Guardian First Book Award, established in 1999 as a successor to the Guardian Fiction Award, which had run since 1965, and the Guardian Children’s Fiction Prize, founded in 1967. In recent years the newspaper has also sponsored the Hay Festival in Hay-on-Wye.
The annual Guardian Student Media Awards, founded in 1999, recognise excellence in journalism and design of British university and college student newspapers, magazines and websites.
In memory of Paul Foot, who died in 2004, The Guardian and Private Eye jointly set up the Paul Foot Award, with an annual £10,000 prize fund, for investigative or campaigning journalism.[295]
The newspaper produces The Guardian 100 Best Footballers In The World.[296] Since 2018 it has also co-produced the female equivalent, The 100 Best Female Footballers In The World.
In 2016, The Guardian began awarding an annual Footballer of the Year award, given to a footballer regardless of gender “who has done something truly remarkable, whether by overcoming adversity, helping others or setting a sporting example by acting with exceptional honesty.”[297]
Best books lists
Editors
Notable regular contributors (past and present)
Columnists and journalists:
Cartoonists:
Satirists:
Experts:
Photographers and picture editors:
Herbert Walter Doughty ( The Manchester Guardian ‘s first photographer, July 1908)
first photographer, July 1908) Eamonn McCabe
Sean Smith
Guardian News & Media archive
The Guardian and its sister newspaper The Observer opened The Newsroom, an archive and visitor centre in London, in 2002. The centre preserved and promoted the histories and values of the newspapers through its archive, educational programmes and exhibitions. The Newsroom’s activities were all transferred to Kings Place in 2008.[303] Now known as The Guardian News & Media archive, the archive preserves and promotes the histories and values of The Guardian and The Observer newspapers by collecting and making accessible material that provides an accurate and comprehensive history of the papers. The archive holds official records of The Guardian and The Observer, and also seeks to acquire material from individuals who have been associated with the papers. As well as corporate records, the archive holds correspondence, diaries, notebooks, original cartoons and photographs belonging to staff of the papers.[304] This material may be consulted by members of the public by prior appointment. An extensive Manchester Guardian archive also exists at the University of Manchester’s John Rylands University Library, and there is a collaboration programme between the two archives. Additionally, the British Library has a large archive of The Manchester Guardian available in its British Library Newspapers collection, in online, hard copy, microform, and CD-ROM formats.
In November 2007, The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian and 1791 to 2000 for The Observer: these archives will eventually run up to 2003.
The Newsroom’s other components were also transferred to Kings Place in 2008. The Guardian’s Education Centre provides a range of educational programmes for students and adults. The Guardian’s exhibition space was also moved to Kings Place, and has a rolling programme of exhibitions that investigate and reflect upon aspects of news and newspapers and the role of journalism. This programme often draws on the archive collections held in the GNM Archive.
See also
references
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